Dr Daniel Myall
BSc (Hons), PhD
Bioinformatics Manager
New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch
Senior Research Fellow
, New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch
At the Institute I get involved with the computational, mathematical, and statistical aspects of research.
My formal training is in mathematics and for my PhD I developed a virtual environment platform and used it to examine motor adaptation in Parkinson's. My research now focuses on developing predictive models for pre-clinical detection of cognitive decline in Parkinson's and the epidemiology of Parkinson's. My areas of interest include computational neuroscience, models of learning, machine learning, Bayesian statistics, epidemiology, and electric vehicles.
When not working my three children keep me busy. I also like going hiking and mountain biking around the Canterbury Foothill Forests.
Publications
Provided on request for non-commercial personal use by researchers.
2024
Aye, W. W., Stark, M. R., Horne, K.-L., Livingston, L., Grenfell, S., Myall, D. J., Pitcher, T.L., Almuqbel, M.M., Keenan, R. J., Meissner, W.G., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Anderson, T.J., Le Heron, C., Melzer, T. R. (2024). Early‐phase amyloid PET reproduces metabolic signatures of cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring, 16(2),
e12601..
10.1002/dad2.12601
Kennedy, E., Liebel, S.W., Lindsey, H.M, ..., Anderson, T.J, ..., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C, ..., Melzer, T.R., ..., Myall, D.J, ..., Dennis, E.L. (2024). Verbal Learning and Memory Deficits across Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Insights from an ENIGMA Mega Analysis. Brain Sciences,
14(7), .
10.3390/brainsci14070669
Le Heron, C., Horne, K. L., MacAskill, M. R., Livingston, L., Melzer, T. R., Myall, D., Pitcher, T., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Anderson, T., Harrison, S. (2024). Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Association of Clinical and Neurocognitive Factors With Apathy in Patients With Parkinson Disease. Neurology,
102(12), .
10.1212/WNL.0000000000209301
Morris, L. A., Horne, K. L., Manohar, S., Paermentier, L., Buchanan, C., MacAskill, M., Myall, D., Apps, M., Roxburgh, R., Anderson, T., Husain, M., Le Heron, C. (2024). Decision cost hypersensitivity underlies Huntington’s disease apathy. Brain,
awae296.
10.1093/brain/awae296
Morris, L.-A., Horne, K.-L., Paermentier, L., Buchanan, C.M., MacAskill, M., Myall, D., Husain, M., Roxburgh, R., Anderson, T. and Heron, C.L. (2024). Apathy and Impulsivity Co-Occur in Huntington's Disease. Brain and Behavior,
14: e70061..
10.1002/brb3.70061
Slater, N., Melzer, T.R., Myall, D.J., Anderson, T.J., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C. (2024). Cholinergic basal forebrain integrity and cognition in Parkinson’s disease: a re-appraisal of MRI evidence. Movement Disorders,
12, .
10.1002/mds.30023
2023
Berry‐Noronha, A., Myall, D., Hong, J.B., Collecutt, W., Krauss, M., Fink, J., Weggery, S., Chatterjee, A., Bartholomew, S., Smith, M., LeHeron, C., Busby, W., Brew, S., Barber, P., Wu, T., Wilson, D. (2023). Clinical outcomes with delayed mechanical thrombectomy: Descriptive analysis and development of a screening tool. European Journal of Neurology,
3, .
10.1111/ene.15658
Kennedy, E., Vadlamani, S., Lindsey, H. M., Lei, P. W., Pugh, M. J., Adamson, M., ... , Anderson, T.J., ... , Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., ... , Melzer, T.R, ... , Myall, D.J., ... , Wilde, E. A. (2023). Bridging Big Data: Procedures for Combining Non-equivalent Cognitive Measures from the ENIGMA Consortium. bioRxiv, .
10.1101/2023.01.16.524331
Leadbetter, R., MacAskill, M., Myall, D. J., Taylor, B. V., Joshi, P., Mason, D. F. (2023). Multiple sclerosis mortality in New Zealand: a nationwide prospective study. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, .
10.1136/jnnp-2022-330582
MacAskill, M. R., Pitcher, T. L., Melzer, T. R., Myall, D. J., Horne, K.-L., Shoorangiz, R., Almuqbel, M. M., Livingston, L., Grenfell, S., Pascoe, M. J., Marshall, E. T., Marsh, S., Perry, S. E., Meissner, W. G., Theys, C., Le Heron, C. J., Keenan, R. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Anderson, T. J. (2023). The New Zealand Parkinson’s Progression Programme. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand,
53, .
10.1080/03036758.2022.2111448
Murray, S.J., Almuqbel, M.M., Felton, S.A., Palmer, N.J., Myall, D.J., Shoorangiz, R., Ella, A., Keller, M., Palmer, D.N., Melzer, T.R. and Mitchell, N.L. (2023). Progressive MRI brain volume changes in ovine models of CLN5 and CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Brain Communications,
5(1).
10.1093/braincomms/fcac339
2022
Boel, J. A., Bie, R. M. A., Schmand, B. A., Dalrymple‐Alford, J. C., Marras, C., Adler, C. H., Goldman, J. G., Tröster, A. I., Burn, D. J., Litvan, I., Geurtsen, G. J., the MDS Study Group Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease (2022). Level I PD‐MCI using global cognitive tests and the risk for Parkinson’s disease dementia. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice,
9(4), .
10.1002/mdc3.13451
Le Heron, C., MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D. J. (2022). Reply to: “An Exponential Rather Than Multistep Model of Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis”. Movement Disorders,
37(5), .
10.1002/mds.28989
2021
Basukala, D., Mukundan, R., Lim, A., Hurrell, M. A., Keenan, R. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Anderson, T. J., Myall, D. J., Melzer, T. R. (2021). Automated segmentation of substantia nigra and red nucleus using quantitative susceptibility mapping images: application to Parkinson’s disease. Computers & Electrical Engineering,
91, .
10.1016/j.compeleceng.2021.107091
Blakemore, R. L., Pascoe, M. J., Horne, K. L., Livingston, L., Young, B. N., Elias, B., Goulden, M., Grenfell, S., Myall, D. J., Pitcher, T. L., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Le Heron, C. J., Anderson, T. J., MacAskill, M. R. (2021). Higher perceived stress and exacerbated motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease during the COVID-19 lockdown in New Zealand. The New Zealand Medical Journal,
134, .
Horne, K., MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D. J., Livingston, L., Grenfell, S., Pascoe, M. J., Young, B., Shoorangiz, R., Melzer, T. R., Pitcher, T. L., Anderson, T. J., Dalrymple‐Alford, J. C. (2021). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with dementia in Parkinson’s disease but not predictive of it. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice,
8, .
10.1002/mdc3.13151
Le Heron, C., MacAskill, M.R., Mason, D., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Anderson, T.J., Pitcher, T., Myall, D.J. (2021). A multi-step model of Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis. Movement Disorders,
36, .
10.1002/mds.28719
Le Heron, C., Myall, D., Anderson, T. (2021). Progression in Parkinson’s disease: a potpourri of plots and probabilities. Brain,
3, .
10.1093/brain/awab060
Wu, T. Y., Myall, D., Palmer, D., Beharry, J., Lim, J. Y., Mason, D. F., Reimers, J., Duncan, R., Weaver, J., Collecutt, W., Mouthaan, P., Lim, A., Hurrell, M. A., Barber, P. A., Ranta, A., Fink, J. N., Le Heron, C. J. (2021). Increased large vessel occlusive strokes following the Christchurch 2019 March 15 terror attack. Neurology,
96, .
10.1212/WNL.0000000000011341
2020
Borlase, N., Myall, D., Melzer, T., Livingston, L., Watts, R., Keenan, R., MacAskill, M., Anderson, T., Dalrymple-Alford, J. (2020). Microstructural integrity of the major nuclei of the thalamus in Parkinson’s disease. bioRxiv, .
10.1101/2020.05.21.109660
Cheong, J. L.‐Y., Goh, Z. H. K., Marras, C., Tanner, C. M., Kasten, M., Noyce, A. J., Movement Disorders Society Epidemiology Study Group. (2020). The impact of COVID‐19 on access to Parkinson’s disease medication. Movement Disorders.
10.1002/mds.28293
MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D. J., Pitcher, T.L., Anderson, T.J. (2020). “Pervasive ocular tremor of Parkinson’s” is not pervasive, ocular, or uniquely parkinsonian. OSFPreprints.
10.31219/osf.io/s8rwt
MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D. J., Shoorangiz, R., Anderson, T. J., Pitcher, T. L. (2020). Childbirth and delayed Parkinson’s onset: a reproducible non-biological artefact of societal change. Movement Disorders,
35, .
10.1002/mds.28135
Melzer, T.R., Keenan, R.J., Leeper, G.J., Kingston-Smith, S., Felton, S.A., Green, S.K., Henderson, K.J., Palmer, N.J., Shoorangiz, R., Almuqbel, M.M., Myall, D.J. (2020). Test-retest reliability and sample size estimates after MRI scanner relocation. Neuroimage 211, .
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116608
Myall, D.J., Horne, K., MacAskill, M.R., Livingston, L., Pitcher, T.L., Melzer, T.R., Geurtsen, G.J., Anderson, T.J., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C. (2020). Cognitive tests that identify high risk of conversion to dementia in Parkinson's disease. bioRxiv, .
10.1101/2020.05.31.126870
2019
Blakemore, R. L., MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D. J., Anderson, T. J. (2019). Volitional suppression of parkinsonian resting tremor. Movement Disorders Clinical Practice,
6, .
10.1002/mdc3.12801
Hoogland, J., Boel, J. A., de Bie, R. M. A., Schmand, B. A., Geskus, R. B., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., … on behalf of the MDS Study Group “Validation of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease”. (2019). Risk of Parkinson’s disease dementia related to level I MDS PD-MCI. Movement Disorders.
10.1002/mds.27617
Melzer, T. R., Stark, M. R., Keenan, R. J., Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Pitcher, T. L., Livingston, L., Grenfell, S., Horne, K., Young, B., Pascoe, M., Almuqbel, M. A., Wang, J., Marsh, S., Miller, D. H., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Anderson, T. J. (2019). Beta amyloid deposition is not associated with cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neurology,
10, .
10.3389/fneur.2019.00391
Myall, D.J, Moller, H., Ivanov, D., Gentle, H., Barnett, J., Anderson, B., Parker, R., Jack, M., Love, D. (2019). Accelerating Electric Vehicle Uptake in New Zealand: an information gap analysis. Flip the Fleet Report No 4 (Comissioned report to Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment / Te Kaitiaki Taiao a Te Whare Pāremata).
2018
Myall, D.; Ivanov, D.; Larason, W.; Nixon, M.; Moller, H. (2018). Accelerated Reported Battery Capacity Loss in 30 kWh Variants of the Nissan Leaf. Preprints, .
10.20944/preprints201803.0122.v1
Pitcher, T. L., Myall, D. J., Pearson, J. F., Lacey, C. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Anderson, T. J., MacAskill, M. R. (2018). Parkinson’s disease across ethnicities: a nation-wide study in New Zealand. Movement Disorders,
33, .
10.1002/mds.27389
2017
Bantis, L. E., Nakas, C. T., Reiser, B., Myall, D., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. (2017). Construction of joint confidence regions for the optimal true class fractions of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) surfaces and manifolds. Statistical Methods in Medical Research,
26, .
10.1177/0962280215581694
Hoogland, J., Boel, J. A., de Bie, R. M. A., Geskus, R. B., Schmand, B. A., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Marras, C., Adler, C. H., Goldman, J. G., Tröster, A. I., Burn, D. J., Litvan, I., Geurtsen, G. J., MDS Study Group “Validation of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson Disease”. (2017). Mild cognitive impairment as a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease dementia. Movement Disorders,
32, .
10.1002/mds.27002
Jones, A. J., Kuijer, R. G., Livingston, L., Myall, D., Horne, K., MacAskill, M., Pitcher, T., Barrett, P. T., Anderson, T. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. (2017). Caregiver burden is increased in Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI). Translational Neurodegeneration,
6(17).
10.1186/s40035-017-0085-5
Myall, D.J., Pitcher, T.L., Pearson, J.F., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Anderson, T.J., MacAskill, M.R. (2017). Parkinson's in the oldest old: Impact on estimates of future disease burden. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders,
42, .
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.06.018
2016
Almuqbel, M., Melzer, T.R., Myall, D.J., MacAskill, M.R., Pitcher, T.L., Livingston, L., Wood, K., Keenan, R.J., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Anderson, T.J. (2016). Metabolite ratios in the posterior cingulate cortex do not track cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease in a clinical setting. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders,
22, .
10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.11.008
Wood, K., Myall, D.J., Livingston, L., Melzer, T.R., Pitcher, T.L., MacAskill, M.R., Geurtsen, G.J., Anderson, T.J., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C. (2016). Different PD-MCI criteria and risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease: Four year longitudinal study. npj Parkinson's Disease,
2, .
10.1038/npjparkd.2015.27
2015
Melzer, T.R., Myall, D.J., MacAskill, M.R., Pitcher, T.L., Livingston, L., Watts, R., Keenan, R.J., Dalrymple-Alford, J.C., Anderson, T.J. (2015). Tracking Parkinson's disease over one year with multimodal magnetic resonance imaging in a group of older patients with moderate disease. PLOS ONE,
10, .
10.1371/journal.pone.0143923
2014
Le Heron, C. J., Wright, S. L., Melzer, T. R., Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Livingston, L., Keenan, R. J., Watts, R., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. , Anderson, T.J. (2014). Comparing cerebral perfusion in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease dementia: an ASL-MRI study. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism,
34, .
10.1038/jcbfm.2014.40
Toh, E., MacAskill, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Myall, D., Livingston, L., Macleod, S. , Anderson, T. (2014). Comparison of cognitive and UHDRS measures in monitoring disease progression in Huntington's disease: a 12-month longitudinal study. Translational Neurodegeneration,
3.
2013
MacAskill, M., Myall, D. , Anderson, T. (2013). "Ocular Tremor" in Parkinson’s Disease: A Technology-dependent Artifact of Universal Head Motion? Movement Disorders,
28, .
10.1002/mds.25602
Macrae, P., Jones, R., Myall, D., Melzer, T. , Huckabee, M. (2013). Cross-Sectional Area of the Anterior Belly of the Digastric Muscle: Comparison of MRI and Ultrasound Measures. Dysphagia,
28, .
10.1007/s00455-012-9443-8
van Stockum, S., MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D., Anderson, T. J. (2013). A perceptual discrimination task results in greater facilitation of voluntary saccades in Parkinson’s disease patients. European Journal of Neuroscience,
37(1), .
10.1111/ejn.12033
2012
MacAskill, M. R., Graham, C. F., Pitcher, T. L., Myall, D. J., Livingston, L., van Stockum, S., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C., Anderson, T. J. (2012). The influence of motor and cognitive impairment upon visually-guided saccades in Parkinson’s disease. Neuropsychologia,
50, .
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.025
2011
Macrae, P. R., Myall, D. J., Jones, R. D. , Huckabee, M. (2011). Pharyngeal pressures during swallowing within and across 3 sessions: within-subject variance and order effects. Dysphagia,
26, .
10.1007/s00455-010-9324-y
van Stockum, S., MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D. , Anderson, T.J. (2011). A perceptual discrimination task abnormally facilitates reflexive saccades in Parkinson's disease. European Journal of Neuroscience,
33, .
10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07697.x
2008
Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Davidson, P. R., Anderson, T. J. , Jones, R.D. (2008). Design of a modular and low-latency virtual-environment platform for applications in motor adaptation research, neurological disorders, and neurorehabilitation. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering,
16, .
r 10.1109/TNSRE.2008.922676
Abstracts and Short papers
2020
Anderson, B., Parker, R., Myall, D.J., Moller, H., Jack, M. (2020). Will Flipping the Fleet F**k the Grid? ’ IAEE Asia-Oceania 2020: Energy in Transition. Auckland New Zealand.
Horne, K.-L., MacAskill, M. R., Myall, D., Livingston, L., Grenfell, S., Pascoe, M. J., Young, B., Shoorangiz, R., Melzer, T. R., Pitcher, T. L., Anderson, T. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. (2020). Neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with dementia in Parkinson’s disease but not predictive of it. MedRxiv, 2020, 09,
01, .
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.01.20186312
2018
Blakemore, R.L., MacAskill, M.R., Myall, D.J., Anderson, T.J. (2018). Parkinsonian tremor can be diminished by willpower. Proceedings of the International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research,
36, .
Horne, K. L., Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Anderson, T. J., Dalrymple-Alford, J. C. (2018). Response to “Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment classifications and neurobehavioral symptoms” [letter]. International Psychogeriatrics.
10.1017/S1041610218000091
2016
Horne, K, Myall, DJ, Livingston, L, Grenfell, SF, Melzer, TR, Pitcher, TL, MacAskill, MR, Anderson, TJ, Dalrymple-Alford, JC (2016). Risk of dementia in Parkinson’s disease: Towards optimal short cognitive testing. Proceedings of the 34th International Winter Conference on Brain Research, .
Melzer, TR, Keenan, RJ, Myall, DJ, Kaur, G, Livingston, L, Horne, K, Marsh, S, MacAskill, MR, Dalrymple-Alford, JC, Anderson, TJ (2016). Amyloid imaging and cognition in Parkinson’s disease: Interim report. Proceedings of the 34th International Winter Conference on Brain Research, .
Myall, DJ, Pitcher, TL, MacAskill, MR, Pearson, JF, Lacey, C, Dalrymple-Alford, J C, Anderson, T J (2016). Epidemiology of Parkinson’s in New Zealand: Sex, age, and future burden. Proceedings of the 34th International Winter Conference on Brain Research, 34,
10, .
Pitcher, TL, Myall, DJ, MacAskill, MR, Pearson, JF, Lacey, C, Dalrymple-Alford, J C, Anderson, T J (2016). Ethnic and regional differences in Parkinson’s disease in New Zealand. Proceedings of the 34th International Winter Conference on Brain Research, .
2015
Almuqbel, M, Melzer, TR, Myall, DJ, MacAskill, MR, Livingston, L, Pitcher, TL, Dalrymple-Alford, JC, Anderson, TJ (2015). Longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Parkinson’s disease. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping.
Melzer, TR, Myall, DJ, MacAskill, MR, Livingston, L, Pitcher, TL, Watts, R, Keenan, RJ, Dalrymple-Alford, JC, Anderson, TJ (2015). White matter lesions contribute to future dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Organization for Human Brain Mapping.
2014
Almuqbel, M., Melzer, T., Myall, D., MacAskill, M., Livingston, L., Wood, K., Pitcher, T., Dalrymple-Alford, J. , Anderson, T. (2014). Cognitive status in Parkinsons disease characterised by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Proceedings of the International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research (AWCBR), Queenstown, New Zealand,
32, .
Melzer, T., Myall, D., Livingston L., , Wood, K., Pitcher, T., Keenan, R., MacAskill, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J. , Anderson, T. (2014). White matter lesions - a factor in developing dementia in patients with Parkinsons disease. Proceedings of the International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research (AWCBR), Queenstown, New Zealand,
32, .
Myall, D., Wood, K., Livingston, L., Pitcher, T., Melzer, T., MacAskill, M., Anderson, T. , Dalrymple-Alford, J. (2014). Individualised medicine: Predicting dementia in Parkinsons disease. Proceedings of the International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research (AWCBR), Queenstown, New Zealand,
32, .
Wood, K., Myall, D., Livingston, L., Melzer, T., Pitcher, T., MacAskill, M., Anderson, T. , Dalrymple-Alford, J. (2014). Comparing mild cognitive impairment criteria in Parkinsons disease: influence on dementia onset. Proceedings of the International Australasian Winter Conference on Brain Research (AWCBR), Queenstown, New Zealand,
32, .
2013
Alamri, Y., MacAskill, M., Myall, D., Dalrymple-Alford, J., & Anderson, T. (2013). Animal-naming in Parkinson's disease (Abstract). 2013 Neuroscience Meeting Planner San Diago,
CA: Society for, ,
Program No.10/N5..
MacAskill, M., Alamri, Y., Myall, D., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Anderson, T. (2013). Tea with milk and sugar: gaze and action coordination in a real-world task in Parkinsons disease (Abstract). Proceedings of the 17th European Conference on Eye Movement Research, Lund, Journal of Eye Movement Research,
6(3), .
Toh, E., MacAskill, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Myall, D., MacLeod, S., Livingston, L. , Anderson, T. (2013). Progression in cognitive function of Huntington patients relative to controls: a 12 months study. Proceedings of the Movement Disorders Society 17th International Congress, Sydney, Movement Disorders,
28 Supplement 1, .
Toh, E., MacAskill, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Myall, D., MacLeod, S., Livingston, L. , Anderson, T. (2013). Proceedings of the Movement Disorders Society 17th International Congress, Sydney, Movement Disorders,
28 Supplement 1, .
2012
Toh, E., MacAskill, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Myall, D., Livingston, L., MacLeod, A. , Anderson, T. (2012). Impairment of implicit prediction in rhythmic saccadic movement in symptomatic huntington patients (Abstract). Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry,
83:Suppl 1, .
10.1136/jnnp-2012-303524.104
Toh, E., MacAskill, M., Dalrymple-Alford, J., Myall, D., Livingston, L., Ross, J., Anderson, T. (2012). The effectiveness of cognitive and reflexive saccade measures in discriminating Huntingtons disease from healthy controls (Abstract). European Journal of Neurology,
19 Suppl 1, .
10.1111/j.1468-1331.2012.03888.x
2008
Myall, D. J., MacAskill, M. R., Anderson, T. J., Jones, R. D. (2008). Submovements in visually-guided and memory-guided reaching tasks: changes in Parkinson’s disease. In Proceedings of the 30th Annual International Conference of IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.
_2024.pdf.jpeg)
